Smallpox Viruses Essay -- Smallpox Viruses

For approximately three-thousand years, smallpox has ravaged and plagued the four corners of the globe. In fact, in the 17 th and 18 th centuries, it was claimed to be the most infectious disease in the West, with an astounding 90% mortality rate in America. It wasn't until 1796, with English surgeon Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccination, that the world saw relief from this devastating virus. However, even with this inoculation in use, the world continued to witness death from both the virus and the vaccine. In the year 1966, it was estimated that 10-15 million infected citizens world wide had passed away from smallpox that year alone ( â€Å"History† 12). As a result of these devastating numbers, in the following year, 1967, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) created a program to eradicate the smallpox virus. Ten years later, in 1977, the estimated 10-15 million cases had dwindled down to one; a man in Somalia. Three years later, W.H.O. officially announced that smallpox h ad been eradicated, leaving the only remaining virus cultures stored and guarded in laboratories in Russia and the United States. Inoculations ceased, smallpox epidemics were non-existent, and the virus was no longer a concern. In order to ensure complete eradication of this deadly virus, the W.H.O. insisted that the remaining smallpox cultures be destroyed by 1999 ( â€Å"Smallpox Eradication† 2). However, despite the W.H.O.'s recommendation, the remaining cultures continue to be contained and protected to this day, five years after the suggested date of elimination. As a direct result, a world-wide debate has raged on for nearly the past decade posing the question of smallpox eradication. If small pox were to be eradicated as originally suggested, the safe and only remaining known cultures would be wiped out. However, not knowing what countries may illegally hold this virus, the world as a whole would be vulnerable to bioterrorist attacks using smallpox. Lacking the virus to create inoculations, it will be virtually impossible to vaccinate the public or quarantine an outbreak. Likewise, if the virus cultures are kept, there is a possibility that enemies could obtain it to use against other countries at their leisure. However, because it is impossible to identify countries that are harboring the virus in order to take action to eradicate it, eliminating the only protection the world has again... ...6 Nov. 2014 Mahler, Halfdan. â€Å"Smallpox and its Eradication.† 2008. Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response. 4 Nov. 2014 McCrary, Van. â€Å"Smallpox and Bioterrorism: A Growing Threat.† 3 Aug. 1999. 6 Nov. 2014 Preston, Richard. â€Å"A Demon in the Freezer.† 17 July 2012. 8 Nov. 2014 â€Å"Smallpox and Bioterrorism† 6 June 2001. Center for Disease Control. 4 Nov. 2014. â€Å"Smallpox Eradication: Destrcution of the Variola Virus Stocks.† 15 April 2009. World Health Organization. 15 Nov. 2014 Updated Interim CDC Guidance for Use of Smallpox Vaccine, Cidofovir, and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG) for Prevention and Treatment in the Setting of an Outbreak of Monkeypox Infections.† 25 June 2013. Center for Disease Control 20 Nov. 2014.

Sample Contents of Feasibility Study

Sample Executive Summary For Your Business PlanApril 5, 2011 – 11:14 am Earlier in Invest Engine Blog we have talked about  executive summary contents  and  how to write executive summary. Using all this information we shall now pass to actually writing an executive summary taking restaurant business plan as an example. Writing executive summaries is among the most important business skills. The majority of investors whom you’ll address with your project will read your executive summary first. And only then will decide whether to proceed with your start up or leave it alone.So let’s get started! 1. Executive Summary Cover Passing along a naked text is not a good idea. So do provide a cover for your executive summary. The executive summary cover page should contain: * your company logo; * the title of your project; * your contact information; * the subtitle â€Å"Executive Summary† (not to confuse this document with the full version of your business p lan). 2. The Opening Statement: Who? What? When? Where? Why? From the very first sentence it should be understood what your project is about. Showing respect to your readers’ time and attention is highly appreciated.So if you can answer the  Five W’s  in a single sentence, it is perfect. But sometimes it is better to break it down into smaller sentences. And DO avoid general phrases and adjectives like â€Å"great†, â€Å"unique†, â€Å"exclusive† as they make you look boastful right from the start. From the cover page of our  sample restaurant executive summary  the reader knows that the project is called: â€Å"BBQ-5 – barbecue restaurant in Chicago, IL†. So the opening statement of the executive summary could be: â€Å"BBQ-5 is a new barbecue restaurant in Chicago, IL founded by Mr. BBQ.This will be the fifth restaurant of â€Å"Mr. BBQ Family of Restaurants† – the barbecue chain founded in 2005 and is alread y well-known in The Great Lakes area. † 3. Brief Company ProfileYou are sure to provide some detailed information about your company background, its mission and business objectives in your business plan. But the major highlights should be put into executive summary as well. Typically you are expected to say: * When was your business founded? * What are the major industries and regions of operations? * What are your business mission and business objectives? How many people work in your firm? * What is your position in the company? In the sample executive summary we are going through it is stated that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the  chain was founded in 2005 and is already well-known in The Great Lakes area† (the info about the year the business was founded and the region of operation is provided). And so it is continued: â€Å"The other restaurants are located two in Cleveland, OH, one in Detroit, MI and one in Milwaukee, WI. Each of the restaurants started by Mr. BBQ reached the break -even point within a year. Though Mr. BBQ and Mrs. BBQ are principle owners, it is Mr.BBQ’s  intention to offer outside ownership in â€Å"BBQ-5? restaurant on an equity, debt, or combination basis in order to facilitate the opening of BBQ-5 restaurant and further growth of the chain. † From this paragraph it is clear that the principal figures in the company are Mr. BBQ and Mrs. BBQ and their major business goal is  Ã¢â‚¬Å"further growth of the chain†. 4. Project Description Normally executive summary should always be written last. You already have a perfectly written product description in your business plan and can now copy-paste the highlights into your executive summary.It should really take minutes! In the business plan for BBQ-5 restaurant it was stated that location is a key success factor. So in the executive summary it would be perfect to start with the advantages of the location and target audience of the restaurant: â€Å"BBQ-5 will be opened in leased premises in the very heart of Chicago – the Loop district. The Loop is the center of Chicago’s cultural, commercial and financial institutions. It is also the major tourist destination. And the neighboring district – The North Side – is the most densely populated residential section of the city.It is also a popular take-away destination. So BBQ-5 will target residents of The Loop district, office workers and tourists. † Then we briefly describe restaurant’s projected capacity, its specialization and the key competitive advantages (these are also copy-pasted from the business plan): â€Å"The restaurant will specialize in traditional style barbecue meals: smoked pork, veal and fish, steaks and sandwiches. The menu will also include a variety of vegetarian meals and the widest range of sauces. The restaurant’s projected capacity is 340 seats. After that you can outline main business objectives of the project showing that you have a clear vision and know your goals. Then write a paragraph about major risks of your project but stay positive providing your solutions right away. Stress the strong sides of your company and the competencies of the team behind the project. 5. Key Business Plan Numbers By the moment you write executive summary you are supposed to know  exactly  how much funding you need. So provide the highlights in the form of investment summary table. It puts investment structure vs. nvestment purposes of your project. So anyone reading your executive summary will understand what you need money for, how much of your own capital you invest and how much is expected from other sources (direct investment, bank loans, start up grants etc. ) Also state how much revenues your project will generate (revenue projections) and of course the payback period of your project – how long will it take for your project to become cash flow positive. ple Projects  >  Sample #4| Sample #4| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm's permission. Company: Bentonville Medical Clinic   Contact Person: George Hendrichs Title: Business Manager/Administrator Telephone: (910) 273 – 8457 Fax: (910) 273 – 5419 Address: 413 Harmon Place, Greensboro, NC 27412BackgroundProvide an overview of the company, the nature and size of the primary product(s)/service(s) and operations, and a brief description of the department/function/product that is the main focus of the study. Bentonville Medical Clinic is a 12 year old medical firm specializing in the practice of obstetrics and gynecologic services.The main office, located in Greensboro, is where the primary administrative functions such as coordination, billing, insurance claims, etc. are carried out, but the firm is also comprised of two satellite offices located in Reidsville and Eden. The firm employs 1 administrator, 7 clinical personnel, 9 clerical workers, and 5 physicians, who rotate through each of the three offices on a regular basis. Gross revenues for 1991 were roughly $3. 1 million, as a result of 37,000 patient encounters. The bulk of the revenues are taken in by the Greensboro office, which accounted for 72% of all receipts.Revenues grew regularly through 1990, but have leveled off since then as a result of the efforts of the government and other agencies to control health care expenses. Some primary points of emphasis for Bentonville Medical Clinic are: (1) maintenance of high quality of patient care, through the regular and efficient assimilation of new technologies, (2) continuous improvement of business efficiencies and cost reductions, and (3) provision of a reasonable return on investment for the firm's partners. The Project To Be StudiedDescribe the situation to be studied, and if possible, identify the specific issue(s)/problem(s) to focus on.One of the basic problems with health care today is the government wishes to control health costs, yet demands the highest quality of service available. Often, the government wishes only to pay amounts for these services that barely exceed the cost a medical firm incurs in providing them. The focus of the group will be to evaluate the costs of various types of patient visits versus the payment plans instituted by the government (the RBRVS system that calculates costs for medicare, for example), and determine how these plans affect Bentonville Medical Clinic's cash flows and revenues.Outputs DesiredWhat specific results would be expected, e. g. reports, recommendations, etc. Outputs desired from this study include:(1) Determination of the amount of medicare volume that can be profitably handled;(2) Identification of the various costs involved in particular types of patient encounters (which types of visits are most/least profitable for the firm)(3) Determination of how cash flows being affected by programs such Medicare's RBRVS cost conversion factors(4) Suggestions for some possible alternative s/strategies through which Bentonville Medical Clinic can maximize revenues in the current environment.Required/Available Resources- (List special or unique data, software, personnel, etc. required, or available):Summary/Key Word Information:Estimated team size: 2-3 person team   How was project obtained? : Referred by John Adams, Alum Previous Project? : No Project Focus – Primary: Accounting/Finance Other areas: Strategy, Health Administration Keywords: Costing, and cash flow analysis Brief Abstract: Contrast patient visits with reimbursement plans to assess the equity of payments received and determine their affect on overall cash flows and revenues. | Sample #1| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm's permission. ]Company: Comfort Apparel   Contact Person: Sam Talbott Title: Marketing Manager Telephone: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: (336) 745-7025 Address: 1234 Comfort Blvd. , Winston-Salem, NC 27123BackgroundComfort App arel manufactures and markets high-quality, high-value apparel using screen printing and embroidery.Comfort holds exclusive contracts with several boards of education in the Southeast to provide shirts, hats and sweatshirts with school logos for state championships in all major sports. Other boards are being pursued for contracts. A significant volume of business is obtained through short-term contracts with colleges, universities and sports associations to provide logo apparel for ceremonies and sporting events.Comfort provides consumer value by offering a high-quality embroidery look at prices comparable to regular screen-printed products with quick turnaround on short notice. The Project To Be StudiedAt Comfort, ordering, scheduling, invoicing, inventory control and shipping are done manually. Management decided to switch to an electronic system because of frequent and often unanticipated surges in volume, as well as recent overall growth. Several of Comfort’s accounts hav e requested EDI systems and other electronic media, including use of the Internet, to process orders and shipping.The study group will be responsible for determining what system could capitalize on emerging technology and be most appropriate for the company and how best to implement the system. The study will look at three main operating areas: * Information systems between Comfort and our manufacturing operations * Information systems between Comfort and our customers * Information systems between Comfort and our suppliersThe team must propose whether members will focus on one, two or all of the above applications.Outputs Desired * Provide Comfort with a list of information systems that capitalize on the latest technology and that could be installed and implemented, along with pros and cons of each * Propose a schematic design and determine the costs and benefits of each alternative * Recommend the best alternative and provide a plan for implementation| Sample #3| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm's permission. ]Company: Gourmet House Software Services   Contact Person: Rachel BenedictTitle: Director of Development Telephone: (910) 277 – 2347 Fax: (910) 277 – 9547 Address: 1600 Watley Plaza, Winston-Salem, NC 27011BackgroundProvide an overview of the company, the nature and size of the primary product(s)/service(s) and operations, and a brief description of the department/function/product that is the main focus of the study. Gourmet House Software Services is a relatively small â€Å"software house† that specializes in software for restaurants and wholesale food distributors.The purpose of this type of software is to allow the user to better and more efficiently purchase and utilize their inventory and delivery systems. Gourmet House System is going into its twelfth year of business, and they estimate that they have roughly 160 users of their specialized software. The Project To Be StudiedDescri be the situation to be studied, and if possible, identify the specific issue(s)/problem(s) to focus on. The current computer system software being sold by Gourmet House is a third generation software component.They feel it is necessary to upgrade their software to a fourth generation, but want to make sure they can successfully market this new product to existing customers, as well as to other potential markets. The study group should concentrate on the following areas:(1) The various methods that could be used to market this new product to current market segments, while maintaining support and customer satisfaction for older products;(2) Identify any other feasible markets for this new product. Outputs DesiredWhat specific results would be expected, e. . reports, recommendations, etc. The outputs desired from this project would be as follows:(1) A list of options and an action plan for the introduction of the new software component(2) A risk analysis of the planned introduction, co mplete with benefits and drawbacks. (3) Financial considerations involved (ROI, etc). Summary/Key Word Information:Estimated team size: 2-3 person team   How was project obtained? : Wilson Thomas, Alum Previous Project? : No Project Focus – Primary: Marketing, Strategic PlanningOther areas: New Ventures, Business Strategy Keywords: Marketing and identifying new niches Brief Abstract: Recommend a marketing plan for a fourth generation of a software package and identify new markets the firm might enter in order to increase revenues and profits. | Sample #2| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm's permission. ]Company: Mountain Broadcasting Company Contact Person: Ms. I. M. Astarr Title: President Telephone: (910) 253-7827 Fax: (910) 253-1329 Address: 4321 Galaxy Boulevard, Mt.Airy, NC 27411Background-  Provide an overview of the company, the nature and size of the primary product(s)/service(s) and operations, and a brief description of the department/function/product that is the main focus of the study. Mountain Broadcasting Company is a locally-owned radio company which operates under the call letters of WMBC (FM) and WNCB (AM). It employs 17 people, including 6 salespeople. The Project To Be Studied-  Describe the situation to be studied, and if possible, identify the specific issue(s)/problem(s) to focus on.Mountain Broadcasting contacted the Schools of Business to conduct a survey and analyze the results to determine what factors are critical when current and prospective advertisers make the decision to use radio as an advertising medium. Mountain Broadcasting also wanted to learn how effective its salespeople were compared to the competition, be it radio stations, television stations, or magazines and newspapers. Mountain Broadcast hoped to learn what it could to ultimately leading to an improvement in the company's profitability. Outputs Desired-  What specific results would be expected, e. . reports, re commendations, etc. Outputs desired from this practicum include:(1) Which local sales staffs within the industry are perceived as most competent/least competent? (2) What affect do program formats and program contents have on advertisers' decisions to buy? (3) How do the rates charged by WMBC and WNCB compare with other stations and how are they perceived by their customers with respect to the value received? (4) What affect do promotional support, purchase incentives, and the buying procedure have on the purchasing decision? 5) Which stations are perceived as most effective for reaching specific demographic targets? (6) How do stations' production capabilities affect their advertising rates? Methodology-  Possible strategies and analytical tools to employ. The data for this study will be generated by telephone interviews of approximately 100-200 prospective advertisers. The prospects will include current radio and non-radio advertisers, current customers, and non-customers of the stations, and direct advertisers and agencies and/or media brokers. The team will be supplied by the client with the list of prospects. | * ————————————————- About Us * ————————————————- Academic Programs   * ————————————————- Admissions * ————————————————- Beyond Academics * ————————————————- Careers & Internships * ——————————————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Diversity * ————————————————- Faculty & Research * ————————————————- News & Events * WFU Charlotte Center | | Home  >  Beyond Academics  >  WF Business Solutions  >  Sample Projects  >  Sample #1| Sample #1| [The data in this form is either fictitious or has been adapted with a firm's permission. ]Company: Comfort Apparel   Contact Person: Sam Talbott Title: Marketing Manager Telephone: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: 336. 555. 1234 Fax: (336) 745-7025 Address: 1234 Comfort Blvd. , Winston-Salem, NC 27123BackgroundComfort Apparel manufactures and markets high-quality, high-value apparel using screen printing and embroidery.Comfort holds exclusive contracts with several boards of education in the Southeast to provide shirts, hats and sweatshir ts with school logos for state championships in all major sports. Other boards are being pursued for contracts. A significant volume of business is obtained through short-term contracts with colleges, universities and sports associations to provide logo apparel for ceremonies and sporting events.Comfort provides consumer value by offering a high-quality embroidery look at prices comparable to regular screen-printed products with quick turnaround on short notice. The Project To Be StudiedAt Comfort, ordering, scheduling, invoicing, inventory control and shipping are done manually. Management decided to switch to an electronic system because of frequent and often unanticipated surges in volume, as well as recent overall growth. Several of Comfort’s accounts have requested EDI systems and other electronic media, including use of the Internet, to process orders and shipping.The study group will be responsible for determining what system could capitalize on emerging technology and be most appropriate for the company and how best to implement the system. The study will look at three main operating areas: * Information systems between Comfort and our manufacturing operations * Information systems between Comfort and our customers * Information systems between Comfort and our suppliersThe team must propose whether members will focus on one, two or all of the above applications.Outputs Desired * Provide Comfort with a list of information systems that capitalize on the latest technology and that could be installed and implemented, along with pros and cons of each * Propose a schematic design and determine the costs and benefits of each alternative * Recommend the best alternative and provide a plan for implementation| |

How To Use Exclamations and Exclamation Marks in Spanish

As in English, an exclamation or exclamatory sentence in Spanish is a forceful utterance that can range from a single word to almost any sentence that is given extra emphasis, either by using a loud or urgent voice, or in writing by adding exclamation points. Types of Exclamations in Spanish However, in Spanish, it is very common for exclamations to take particular forms, the most common of which is starting with the exclamatory adjective or adverb quà ©. (Quà © also functions elsewhere as other parts of speech, most often as a pronoun.) When used that way, quà © can be followed by a noun, adjective, an adjective followed by a noun, or an adverb followed by a verb. When it is followed by a noun, an article is not used before the noun. Some examples:  ¡Quà © là ¡stima! (What a shame!) ¡Quà © problema! (What a problem!) ¡Quà © vista! (What a view!) ¡Quà © bonita! (How cute!) ¡Quà © difà ­cil! (How difficult!) ¡Quà © aburrido! (How tedious!) ¡Quà © fuerte hombre! (What a strong man!) ¡Quà © feo perro! (What an ugly dog!) ¡Quà © lejos està ¡ la escuela! (The school is so far away!) ¡Quà © maravillosamente toca la guitarra! (How beautifully she plays the guitar!) ¡Quà © rà ¡pido pasa el tiempo! (How time flies!) If you follow the noun after quà © with an adjective, mà ¡s or tan is added between the two words:  ¡Quà © vida mà ¡s triste! (What a sad life!) ¡Quà © aire mà ¡s puro! (What clean air!) ¡Quà © idea tan importante! (What an important idea!) ¡Quà © persona tan feliz! (What a happy person!) Note that the mà ¡s or tan doesnt have to be translated directly. When emphasizing quantity or extent, it also is common to begin an exclamation with cuà ¡nto or one of its variations for number or gender:  ¡Cuà ¡ntas araà ±as! (What a lot of spiders!) ¡Cuà ¡nto pelo tienes! (What a head of hair you have!) ¡Cuà ¡nta mantequilla! (What a lot of butter!) ¡Cuà ¡nto hambre hay en esta ciudad! (What a lot of hunger there is in this city!) ¡Cuà ¡nto he estudiado! (I studied a lot!) ¡Cuà ¡nto te quiero mucho! (I love you a lot!) Finally, exclamations arent limited to the above forms; it isnt even necessary to have a complete sentence.  ¡No puedo creerlo! (I cant believe it!) ¡No! (No!) ¡Policà ­a! (Police!) ¡Es imposible! (Its impossible!) ¡Ay! (Ouch!) ¡Es mà ­o! (Its mine!) ¡Ayuda! (Help!) ¡Eres loca! (Youre crazy!) Using Exclamation Points Although this rule is commonly violated in informal Spanish, especially in social media, Spanish exclamation marks always come in pairs, an inverted or upside-down exclamation point to open the exclamation and a standard exclamation point to end it. The use of such paired exclamation marks is straightforward when an exclamation stands alone, as in all the examples above, but it gets more complicated when only part of a sentence is exclamatory. The upside-down exclamation mark doesnt exist in languages other than Spanish and Galician, a minority language of Spain. When an exclamation is introduced by other words, the exclamation points surround only the exclamation, which isnt capitalized. Roberto,  ¡me encanta el pelo! (Roberto, I love your hair!)i gano el premio,  ¡yupi! (If I win the prize, yippee!) But when other words follow the exclamation, they are included inside the exclamation marks.  ¡Me encanto el pelo, Roberto! (I love your hair, Roberto.)Yupi si gano el premio! (Yippee if I win the prize!) If you have several short connected exclamations in a row, they can be treated as separate sentences or they can be separated with commas or semicolons. If theyre separated by commas or semicolons, the exclamations after the first arent capitalized.  ¡Hemos ganado!,  ¡guau!,  ¡me sorprende!(We won! Wow! Im surprised!) Special Uses of Exclamation Marks To indicate strong emphasis, you can use up to three consecutive exclamation points. The number of marks before and after the exclamation should match. Although such use of multiple exclamation points isnt used in standard English, it is acceptable in Spanish.  ¡Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¡No lo quiero!!! (I dont want it!) ¡Ã‚ ¡Quà © asco!! (Thats disgusting!) As in informal English, a single exclamation mark can be placed within parentheses to indicate that something is surprising. Mi tà ­o tiene 43 (!) coches. (My uncle has 43 (!) cars.)La doctora se durmià ³ (!) durante la operacià ³n. (The doctor fell asleep (!) during the operation.) An exclamation mark can be combined with a question mark when a sentence expresses incredulity or otherwise combines elements of emphasis and questioning. The order doesnt matter, although the sentence should begin and end with the same type of mark.  ¡Ã‚ ¿Pedro dijo quà ©?! (Pedro said what?) ¿!Viste Catarina en la jaula!? (You saw Catarina in jail?) Key Takeaways As in English, exclamations in Spanish are sentences, phrases, or even single words that are especially forceful.It is common for Spanish exclamation to begin with quà © or a form of cuà ¡nto.Spanish exclamations begin with an inverted exclamation mark.

Profile of Major General Smedley Butler

Major General Smedley Butler was a decorated war veteran. He is best known for serving in the Carribean and abroad during World War I. Early Life Smedley Butler was born in West Chester, PA on July 30, 1881, to Thomas and Maud Butler. Raised in the area, Butler initially attended West Chester Friends Graded High School before moving on to the prestigious Haverford School. While enrolled at Haverford, Butlers father was elected to the US House of Representatives. Serving in Washington for thirty-one years, Thomas Butler would later provide political cover for his sons military career. A gifted athlete and a good student, the younger Butler elected to leave Haverford in mid-1898 to take part in the Spanish-American War. Joining the Marines Though his father wished him to remain in school, Butler was able to obtain a direct commission as a second lieutenant in the US Marine Corps. Ordered to the Marine Barracks in Washington, DC for training, he then joined the Marine Battalion, North Atlantic Squadron and took part in operations around Guantà ¡namo Bay, Cuba. With the withdrawal of the Marines from the area later in the year, Butler served aboard USS New York until being discharged on February 16, 1899. His separation from the Corps proved short as he was able to secure a first lieutenants commission in April. In the Far East Ordered to Manila, Philippines, Butler took part in the Philippine-American War. Bored by garrison life, he welcomed the opportunity to experience combat later that year. Leading a force against the Insurrecto-held town of Noveleta in October, he succeeded in driving off the enemy and securing the area. In the wake of this action, Butler was tattooed with a large Eagle, Globe, and Anchor which covered his entire chest. Befriending Major Littleton Waller, Butler was selected to join him as part of a Marine company on Guam. En route, Wallers force was detoured to China to aid in putting down the Boxer Rebellion. Arriving in China, Butler took part in the Battle of Tientsin on July 13, 1900. In the fighting, he was hit in the leg while trying to rescue another officer. Despite his wound, Butler assisted the officer to the hospital. For his performance at Tientsin, Butler received a brevet promotion to captain. Returning to action, he was grazed in the chest during fighting near San Tan Pating. Returning the United States in 1901, Butler spent two years serving ashore and aboard various vessels. In 1903, while stationed in Puerto Rico, he was ordered to aid in protecting American interests during a revolt in Honduras. The Banana Wars Moving along the Honduran coast, Butlers party rescued the American consul in Trujillo. Suffering from a tropical fever during the campaign, Butler received the nickname Old Gimlet Eye due to his constantly bloodshot eyes. Returning home, he married Ethel Peters on June 30, 1905. Ordered back to the Philippines, Butler saw garrison duty around Subic Bay. In 1908, now a major, he was diagnosed with having a nervous breakdown (possibly post-traumatic stress disorder) and was sent back to the United States for nine months to recover. During this period Butler tried his hand at coal mining but found it not to his liking. Returning to the Marines, he received command of 3rd Battalion, 1st Regiment on the Isthmus of Panama in 1909. He remained in the area until being ordered to Nicaragua in August 1912. Commanding a battalion, he took part in the bombardment, assault, and capture of Coyotepe in October. In January 1914, Butler was directed to join Rear Admiral Frank Fletcher off the coast of Mexico to monitor military activities during the Mexican Revolution. In March, Butler, posing as a railroad executive, landed in Mexico and scouted the interior. As the situation continued to worsen, American forces landed at Veracruz on April 21. Leading the Marine contingent, Butler directed their operations through two days of fighting before the city was secured. For his actions, he was awarded the Medal of Honor. The following year, Butler led a force from USS Connecticut ashore on Haiti after a revolution threw the country into chaos. Winning several engagements with the Haitian rebels, Butler won a second Medal of Honor for his capture of Fort Rivià ¨re. In doing so, he became one of only two Marines to win the medal twice, the other being Dan Daly. World War I With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Butler, now a lieutenant colonel, began lobbying for a command in France. This failed to materialize as some of his key superiors deemed him unreliable despite his stellar record. On July 1, 1918, Butler received a promotion to colonel and command of the 13th Marine Regiment in France. Though he worked to train the unit, they did not see combat operations. Promoted to brigadier general in early October, he was directed to oversee Camp Pontanezen at Brest. A key debarkation point for American troops, Butler distinguished himself by improving conditions in the camp. Postwar For his work in France, Butler received the Distinguished Service Medal from both the US Army and US Navy. Arriving home in 1919, he took command of Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia and over the next five years worked to make what had been a wartime training camp into a permanent base. In 1924, at the request of President Calvin Coolidge and Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick, Butler took a leave from the Marines to serve as Director of Public Safety for Philadelphia. Assuming oversight of the citys police and fire departments, he tirelessly worked to end corruption and enforce Prohibition. Though effective, Butlers military-style methods, impolitic comments, and aggressive approach began to wear thin with the public and his popularity began to drop. Though his leave was extended for a second year, he frequently clashed with Mayor Kendrick and elected to resign and return to the Marines Corps in late 1925. After briefly commanding the Marine Corps Base at San Diego, CA, he embarked for China in 1927. Over the next two years, Butler commanded the 3rd Marine Expeditionary Brigade. Working to protect American interests, he successfully dealt with rival Chinese warlords and leaders. Returning to Quantico in 1929, Butler was promoted to major general. Resuming his task of making the base the showplace of the Marines, he worked to increase the publics awareness of the corps by taking his men on long marches and re-enacting Civil War battles such as Gettysburg. On July 8, 1930, the Commandant of the Marines Corps, Major General Wendell C. Neville, died. Though tradition called for the senior general to temporarily fill the post, Butler was not appointed. Though considered for the permanent position of command  and supported by notables such as Lieutenant General John Lejeune, Butlers controversial track record along with ill-timed public comments regarding Italian dictator Benito Mussolini saw Major General Ben Fuller receive the post instead. Retirement Rather than continue in the Marine Corps, Butler filed for retirement and left the service on October 1, 1931. A popular lecturer while with the Marines, Butler began speaking to various groups fulltime. In March 1932, he announced that he would run for the US Senate from Pennsylvania. An advocate of Prohibition, he was defeated in the 1932 Republican primary. Later that year, he publically supported the Bonus Army protesters who sought early payment of the service certificates issued by the World War Adjusted Compensation Act of 1924. Continuing to lecture, he increasingly focused his speeches against war profiteering and American military intervention abroad. The themes of these lectures formed the basis for his 1935 work War Is a Racket which outlined the connections between war and business. Butler continued to speak on these topics and his views of fascism in the US through the 1930s. In June 1940, Butler entered the Philadelphia Naval Hospital after being ill for several weeks. On June 20, Butler died of cancer and was buried at Oaklands Cemetery in West Chester, PA.

Sexuality And Sexuality Among Older Adults - 979 Words

Human sexuality is a very broad and in some instance a very sensitive subject. Depending on the audience, it is a topic that may cause uneasiness and awkwardness for some while for others it is a topic of preference. Although sexuality is a significant part of our modern-day culture in movies, videos, and other celebrity induced trends, it is still a subject that isn’t easily discussed. Some will assert that sexuality only involves the act of sex which is probably the reason there is a sense of discomfort. This is in fact highly inaccurate, but it is used as a crutch to avoid discussing the topic altogether. Sexuality is a reality that it plays an important role throughout our lives. It intertwines physiological, psychological, and social†¦show more content†¦As we grow into young adults, we move to a stage of sexual maturity. Sexual maturity is a time where we can procreate, where there will be in our stamina, and an increase in sexual desires for both men and women. This is something that happens for everyone after we have surpassed the puberty stage. All of this is matters because sexual arousal is a physiological function. The physiological aspect of this cartoon seems to be on the fence of positive and negative. The male seems to be more in a state of shock by his wife’s actions, watching her as she is standing there holding the glasses of wine and the bottle and her verbiage (attempting to initiate intimacy but reminding him of the backup plan). It doesn’t necessarily convey a negative response from the husband as if he is lacking interest, but he doesn’t seem as enthused as his counterpart which could have a lot to do with the physiological aspect of him. It is possible that his stamina has declined due to his age or he could have possibly lost the ability to have sexual arousal for his elderly wife. The physiological response of the husband’s actions or lack thereof can have a domino effect on the psychologica l dimension of this couple’s relationship. As stated earlier, the husband is necessarily displaying a positive response to his wife’s actions. He is just sitting there with a stunned face which can in return, make the wife feel negatively.Show MoreRelatedSexuality Within The Older Population1475 Words   |  6 Pages Sexuality within the Older Population Jonelle S. Allen LaSalle University Introduction Sexuality is an important core dimension of life that incorporates beliefs, cultures, rituals, attitudes, values, intimacy and pleasure. The expression of sexuality along with the desire for intimacy can be very complex especially for the older adult. Sexual dysfunction among older men and women commonly increases with age along with co-morbiditiesRead MoreMyth on Aging Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest in, nor capacity for, sexual relations† (Facts on Aging Quiz). 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A news article that was just published this year, introduced a recent study has now shown that in the U.S, more adults are identifying as LGBT. Throughout the 70s and 80s, large majoritiesRead MoreGay, Bisexual, And Transgender Aging : A Comprehensive And Analytical Sociological Perspective On Lgbt Aging849 Words   |  4 Pagesprivat ions and disparities, which can result in consequential psychosocial effects on LGBT older adults. Important to note, when viewing social systems, environmental factors, health and health care from the macro-level, it depicts the manner in which these elements contribute to the psychosocial effects experienced by this population. 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Communication and Information Technologies Security Technology

Question: Describe about the Communication and Information Technologies for Security Technology. Answer: Report on Fingerprint Technology Introduction Fingerprint security technology involves using thumbprint of a user as a proof of identity. It has been scientifically confirmed that no two thumbprints are ever identical and hence, it can be used as a genuine mark of an identity (Ramotowski 2012). Fingerprint security systems are widely used all over the world. Fingerprint Technology Advantages Security of Identity Fingerprint technology provides a very strong security for verification of identity. Since, fingerprint of a particular individual is unique, it cannot be faked and reproduced by any other means. Hence, it can definitely confirm the identity of an individual. Accurate Management System Fingerprint technology provides the advantage of a very accurate management system. In the manual verification system, a lot of time is consumed and moreover, identity can easily be faked (Lewis 2014). In the fingerprint system, identity verification system is done much more accurately and can be done in literally seconds. Disadvantages Cost The cost of biometric systems are generally very high. Hence, this is a big setback for an organization that wants to implement the fingerprint detection system. Errors Low cost gadgets are very much prone to errors. Sometimes, they fail to capture the fingerprint easily and the individual has to place his thumb in different angles in order to finally get captured (Tan et al. 2014). Again, due to internal errors, some gadgets wrongly identify an authorized individual as unauthorized and vice versa. This results in a lot of confusion and lack of an efficient system. Matching Methods Correlation-Based Fingerprint Matching This type of fingerprint matching system involves comparison of the captured print with the print in the database in the same pixel and alignment. The user needs to provide the fingerprint in the same angle and alignment as had been provided earlier in the database. If the alignment and angle do not match, the verification fails. Minutiae-Based Fingerprint Matching This type of system is more efficient and saves a lot of time by consuming a very small computational time (Kaur and Kaur 2016). This system does not check angle, pixel or alignment; rather it detects the minutiae pattern of the captured print and uses it to match the one in the database. Ridge-Feature-Based Fingerprint Matching This matching system used a rating system based on the matching aspects of the fingerprints angle, alignment, pixel, minutiae pattern and others. Chance of matching decreases with the decrease of the score as well as the vector pattern of the captured print. Touch Sensor vs. Sweep Sensor Touch Sensor Sweep Sensor In this sensor, the user has to touch the specified spot with the thumb In this sensor, the gadget scans the thumb of the user with a laser without any physical contact It is more time consuming It is less time consuming It is prone to errors It is more accurate It is less costly It is more costly It uses physical print scanning device It uses laser technology for scanning the print Conclusion Before the invention of the fingerprint sensors, the identity verification systems mostly depended on using just a password or combination of symbols that was known by a specific user only. However, with the advancement of technology, the new physiological biometric system, namely, fingerprint detection system was developed. It is known that the fingerprint of a particular individual is unique and will never be identical with some elses one. Nowadays, fingerprint identification technology is a very popular biometric system and is widely used by different organizations and companies. 2: Message Digest (MD5) Message Digest (MD5) A widely used hash function that is used to produce 128-bit hash value is Message Digest (MD5). MD5 can easily be as a cryptographic hash function. However, it has been found that it has a lot of external and internal vulnerabilities. Hence, it is only used for verifying data integrity by using it as a checksum. Two Applications of MD5 One of the most important applications of MD5 is providing assurance of safe and intact transfer of a file from one device to another through the internet. MD5 acts as a checksum and compresses the file with a particular value before transmission (Kumar et al. 2013). MD5 will notify error and that will mean that the file could not be sent intact. Another application of MD5 can be found in electronic discovery. In this field, MD5 is generally used to create a unique identification number for a document under the legal discovery section. MD5 Algorithm Steps During application of MD5 algorithm, there are five steps through which the message is sent. These steps are as follows. Padded Bits The message that is to be sent is padded by the algorithm in a way that the length of the message is congruent to 448 (modulo 512). After this, one 1 bit and then 0 bits are added in order to make the length of the message in bits is equal to 448 modulo 512. Append Length To the result of the padding step, one 64-bit representation of b is appended such that the resultants length is a multiple of 512. MD Buffer Initializing A four word buffer (A, B, C, D) is created where each of A, B, C and D is a 32-bit register. This buffer is used to calculate the message digest. Message Processing In this step, four auxiliary functions are used. Three 32-bit words are provided to these functions as inputs (Dubey et al. 2012). From the output, a single 32-bit word is generated. Output As an output, the message digest is obtained in the form of A, B, C, D. 3: Biometric Security Systems Biometric security systems are those that use biological characteristics of a particular individual in order to identify them. These characteristics include fingerprint, voice, retina and others. There are two modes of biometric security systems. These are as follows. Enrolment Mode In this mode, the characteristic of the individual like retina, fingerprint or voice pattern is enrolled within the gadget and authorized by the system admin. After the entry is enrolled, it will be used as the verification sample and cannot be changed again. Recognition Mode In this mode, the entry of the individual is verified by matching with the original entry made in the enrolment mode (Schumacher et al. 2013). Since, the retina, fingerprint or voice pattern of an individual is unique, any different entry will mark it as invalid or unauthorized if it does not match with any one pattern in the database. 4: Columnar Transposition Encryption Codeword: PRINTER Message to Encrypt: COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION It has been agreed that the transposition is to reverse the order of the letters of the codeword and then swap pairs of letters, starting at the right-hand end. Hence, the new keyword will be RTEINPR Hence, the permutation order will be 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 Now, the message to be encrypted is arranged as follows. 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 C O M M U N I C A T I O N A N D I N F O R M A T I O N Q Here, Q is used as a NULL function to fill the column. Hence, the encrypted message will be: MTIT MINI UOFO NNON IARQ CCNM OADA References Bjorkman, B. and Talbert, R., 2015. Fixed Points of Columnar Transpositions.Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography,18(5), pp.541-557. Dubey, A.K., Dubey, A.K., Namdev, M. and Shrivastava, S.S., 2012, September. Cloud-user security based on RSA and MD5 algorithm for resource attestation and sharing in java environment. InSoftware Engineering (CONSEG), 2012 CSI Sixth International Conference on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Dutt, D.C., Somayaji, A.B. and Bingham, M.J.K., Zighra Inc., 2016.System and method for behavioural biometric authentication using program modelling. U.S. Patent Application 15/059,692. Gaines, H.F., 2014.Cryptanalysis: A study of ciphers and their solution. Courier Corporation. Gao, M., Hu, X., Cao, B. and Li, D., 2014, June. Fingerprint sensors in mobile devices. In2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications(pp. 1437-1440). IEEE. Kaur, M. and Kaur, S., 2016. A Secure Bio-Metric Fingerprint Recognition using Neural Network.International Journal of Computer Applications,147(8). Kester, Q.A., 2013. A Hybrid Cryptosystem Based on Vigenere Cipher and Columnar Transposition Cipher.arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.7786. Kumar, H., Kumar, S., Joseph, R., Kumar, D., Singh, S.K.S. and Kumar, P., 2013, April. Rainbow table to crack password using MD5 hashing algorithm. InInformation Communication Technologies (ICT), 2013 IEEE Conference on(pp. 433-439). IEEE. Kumari, P., Kumar, S. and Vaish, A., 2014, July. Feature extraction using emprical mode decomposition for biometric system. InSignal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 283-287). IEEE. Lasry, G., Kopal, N. and Wacker, A., 2016. Cryptanalysis of columnar transposition cipher with long keys.Cryptologia, pp.1-25. Lewis, B., 2014. Report Provides Insight Into Mobile ID Fingerprint Technology. Majumdar, S., Maiti, A., Bhattacharyya, B. and Nath, A., 2015. A New Bit-level Columnar Transposition Encryption Algorithm.International Journal,3(7). Pratt, J., Pearson, L. and Sullivan, M., AtT Intellectual Property I, LP, 2013.System and method for device security with a plurality of authentication modes. U.S. Patent 8,595,804. Ramotowski, R. ed., 2012.Lee and Gaensslen's advances in fingerprint technology. CRC Press. Ratna, A.A.P., Purnamasari, P.D., Shaugi, A. and Salman, M., 2013, June. Analysis and comparison of MD5 and SHA-1 algorithm implementation in Simple-O authentication based security system. InQiR (Quality in Research), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 99-104). IEEE. Schumacher, M., Fernandez-Buglioni, E., Hybertson, D., Buschmann, F. and Sommerlad, P., 2013.Security Patterns: Integrating security and systems engineering. John Wiley Sons. Simoens, K., Bringer, J., Chabanne, H. and Seys, S., 2012. A framework for analyzing template security and privacy in biometric authentication systems.IEEE Transactions on Information forensics and security,7(2), pp.833-841. Stevens, M., Lenstra, A.K. and De Weger, B., 2012. Chosen-prefix collisions for MD5 and applications.International Journal of Applied Cryptography,2(4), pp.322-359. Tan, J., Xu, L., Li, T., Su, B. and Wu, J., 2014. Image?Contrast Technology Based on the Electrochemiluminescence of Porous Silicon and Its Application in Fingerprint Visualization.Angewandte Chemie,126(37), pp.9980-9984. Xie, T., Liu, F. and Feng, D., 2013. Fast Collision Attack on MD5.IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive,2013, p.170.

John F. Kennedy Speech free essay sample

John F. Kennedys Inaugural Speech Presidents use rhetoric in most of their speeches to effectively convey their thoughts and ideas to the American people. John F. Kennedy was elected to be the thirty-fifth president of the United States. When the United States was going through a tough time and looking for a leader Kennedy was the youngest president ever and needed to establish himself as a leader and prove that he could change America. Kennedys inaugural speechs purpose was to use emotional language to inspire and appeal to ethos of an anxious and restless audience. If a nation cant trust a leader, they cant live comfortably. JFK uses several persuasive appeals to inspire his audience. The purpose of his speech is to inspire, not really educate, logos are not used often throughout. Kennedy uses emotional language to include his audience in his goals. With the famous line, ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country, Kennedy makes the task of bringing peace to the United States not only his responsibility but also to American peoples. We will write a custom essay sample on John F. Kennedy Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This quote is an antimetabole or a repetition of words in reverse order. JFK makes the audience feel personally responsible for make America a better place. Another noticeable aspect of JFKs inaugural address is his ability to use his language to bring out a sense of pride in the American people. The president uses forms of imagery to remind the listeners they are The heirs of that first revolution. The images of freedom and liberty are often used like this to prompt the audience to think of the United States as strong country. Even though the speech is largely emotion, Kennedy also uses the text to establish ethos to the citizens of the world. Despite President Kennedys young age, he is expected to perform on the same level as past presidents. JFK is aware of this expectation and assures his audience in the first paragraph that, For I have sworn before you and almighty God the same solemn oath our forebearers prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. Kennedy wants his audience to know he has gone through the same process as past presidents and plans to hold the same values that our nation was found on. Kennedy then proposes pledges to American citizens, allies, and enemies. This oath assures the people that the United States will do whatever is necessary to, assure the survival and success of liberty. This inspires Americans to realize Kennedy is a supporter of freedom. By appealing to allies and enemies, JFK shows that he no longer wishes to fght, but to work towards a better world. At the time of Kennedys inauguration, America was living in tension. Americans were looking for peace. Kennedy realized the mood of his audience and made his speech in a way that would inspire and bring support. The numerous refrences to God were put in on purpose to appeal to a largely Christian audience. By comparing his goals to Gods in the last paragraph, Kennedy gained the support of the religious citizens. Gods work must truly be our own. Kennedy knows by comparing himself to God, the people may instill more trust in him as a president. Jonn F Kennedys speech gives Otta strong message to the American people. The use of emotional language throughout inspires his audience a feeling of pride and responsibility. Kennedys ability to Judge the mood of his audience and to connect with their emotions is ultimately responsible for the success if this speech. John F. Kennedy Speech free essay sample Presidents use rhetoric in most of their speeches to effectively convey their thoughts and ideas to the American people. John F. Kennedy was elected to be the thirty-fifth president of the United States. When the United States was going through a tough time and looking for a leader Kennedy was the youngest president ever and needed to establish himself as a leader and prove that he could change America. Kennedy’s inaugural speech’s purpose was to use emotional language to inspire and appeal to ethos of an anxious and restless audience. If a nation can’t trust a leader, they can’t live comfortably. JFK uses several persuasive appeals to inspire his audience. The purpose of his speech is to inspire, not really educate, logos are not used often throughout. Kennedy uses emotional language to include his audience in his goals. With the famous line, â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country,† Kennedy makes the task of bringing peace to the United States not only his responsibility but also to American peoples. We will write a custom essay sample on John F. Kennedy Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This quote is an antimetabole or a repetition of words in reverse order. JFK makes the audience feel personally responsible for make America a better place. Another noticeable aspect of JFK’s inaugural address is his ability to use his language to bring out a sense of pride in the American people. The president uses forms of imagery to remind the listeners they are â€Å"The heirs of that first revolution. † The images of freedom and liberty are often used like this to prompt the audience to think of the United States as strong country. Even though the speech is largely emotion, Kennedy also uses the text to establish ethos to the citizens of the world. Despite President Kennedy’s young age, he is expected to perform on the same level as past presidents. JFK is aware of this expectation and assures his audience in the first paragraph that, â€Å"For I have sworn before you and almighty God the same solemn oath our forebearers prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. † Kennedy wants his audience to know he has gone through the same process as past presidents and plans to hold the same values that our nation was found on. Kennedy then proposes pledges to American citizens, allies, and enemies. This oath assures the people that the United States will do whatever is necessary to, â€Å"assure the survival and success of liberty. † This inspires Americans to realize Kennedy is a supporter of freedom. By appealing to allies and enemies, JFK shows that he no longer wishes to fight, but to work towards a better world. At the time of Kennedy’s inauguration, America was living in tension. Americans were looking for peace. Kennedy realized the mood of his audience and made his speech in a way that would inspire and bring support. The numerous refrences to God were put in on purpose to appeal to a largely Christian audience. By comparing his goals to God’s in the last paragraph, Kennedy gained the support of the religious citizens. â€Å"God’s work must truly be our own. † Kennedy knows by comparing himself to God, the people may instill more trust in him as a president. John F. Kennedy’s speech gives off a strong message to the American people. The use of emotional language throughout inspires his audience a feeling of pride and responsibility. Kennedy’s ability to judge the mood of his audience and to connect with their emotions is ultimately responsible for the success if this speech.