Communication and Information Technologies Security Technology

Question: Describe about the Communication and Information Technologies for Security Technology. Answer: Report on Fingerprint Technology Introduction Fingerprint security technology involves using thumbprint of a user as a proof of identity. It has been scientifically confirmed that no two thumbprints are ever identical and hence, it can be used as a genuine mark of an identity (Ramotowski 2012). Fingerprint security systems are widely used all over the world. Fingerprint Technology Advantages Security of Identity Fingerprint technology provides a very strong security for verification of identity. Since, fingerprint of a particular individual is unique, it cannot be faked and reproduced by any other means. Hence, it can definitely confirm the identity of an individual. Accurate Management System Fingerprint technology provides the advantage of a very accurate management system. In the manual verification system, a lot of time is consumed and moreover, identity can easily be faked (Lewis 2014). In the fingerprint system, identity verification system is done much more accurately and can be done in literally seconds. Disadvantages Cost The cost of biometric systems are generally very high. Hence, this is a big setback for an organization that wants to implement the fingerprint detection system. Errors Low cost gadgets are very much prone to errors. Sometimes, they fail to capture the fingerprint easily and the individual has to place his thumb in different angles in order to finally get captured (Tan et al. 2014). Again, due to internal errors, some gadgets wrongly identify an authorized individual as unauthorized and vice versa. This results in a lot of confusion and lack of an efficient system. Matching Methods Correlation-Based Fingerprint Matching This type of fingerprint matching system involves comparison of the captured print with the print in the database in the same pixel and alignment. The user needs to provide the fingerprint in the same angle and alignment as had been provided earlier in the database. If the alignment and angle do not match, the verification fails. Minutiae-Based Fingerprint Matching This type of system is more efficient and saves a lot of time by consuming a very small computational time (Kaur and Kaur 2016). This system does not check angle, pixel or alignment; rather it detects the minutiae pattern of the captured print and uses it to match the one in the database. Ridge-Feature-Based Fingerprint Matching This matching system used a rating system based on the matching aspects of the fingerprints angle, alignment, pixel, minutiae pattern and others. Chance of matching decreases with the decrease of the score as well as the vector pattern of the captured print. Touch Sensor vs. Sweep Sensor Touch Sensor Sweep Sensor In this sensor, the user has to touch the specified spot with the thumb In this sensor, the gadget scans the thumb of the user with a laser without any physical contact It is more time consuming It is less time consuming It is prone to errors It is more accurate It is less costly It is more costly It uses physical print scanning device It uses laser technology for scanning the print Conclusion Before the invention of the fingerprint sensors, the identity verification systems mostly depended on using just a password or combination of symbols that was known by a specific user only. However, with the advancement of technology, the new physiological biometric system, namely, fingerprint detection system was developed. It is known that the fingerprint of a particular individual is unique and will never be identical with some elses one. Nowadays, fingerprint identification technology is a very popular biometric system and is widely used by different organizations and companies. 2: Message Digest (MD5) Message Digest (MD5) A widely used hash function that is used to produce 128-bit hash value is Message Digest (MD5). MD5 can easily be as a cryptographic hash function. However, it has been found that it has a lot of external and internal vulnerabilities. Hence, it is only used for verifying data integrity by using it as a checksum. Two Applications of MD5 One of the most important applications of MD5 is providing assurance of safe and intact transfer of a file from one device to another through the internet. MD5 acts as a checksum and compresses the file with a particular value before transmission (Kumar et al. 2013). MD5 will notify error and that will mean that the file could not be sent intact. Another application of MD5 can be found in electronic discovery. In this field, MD5 is generally used to create a unique identification number for a document under the legal discovery section. MD5 Algorithm Steps During application of MD5 algorithm, there are five steps through which the message is sent. These steps are as follows. Padded Bits The message that is to be sent is padded by the algorithm in a way that the length of the message is congruent to 448 (modulo 512). After this, one 1 bit and then 0 bits are added in order to make the length of the message in bits is equal to 448 modulo 512. Append Length To the result of the padding step, one 64-bit representation of b is appended such that the resultants length is a multiple of 512. MD Buffer Initializing A four word buffer (A, B, C, D) is created where each of A, B, C and D is a 32-bit register. This buffer is used to calculate the message digest. Message Processing In this step, four auxiliary functions are used. Three 32-bit words are provided to these functions as inputs (Dubey et al. 2012). From the output, a single 32-bit word is generated. Output As an output, the message digest is obtained in the form of A, B, C, D. 3: Biometric Security Systems Biometric security systems are those that use biological characteristics of a particular individual in order to identify them. These characteristics include fingerprint, voice, retina and others. There are two modes of biometric security systems. These are as follows. Enrolment Mode In this mode, the characteristic of the individual like retina, fingerprint or voice pattern is enrolled within the gadget and authorized by the system admin. After the entry is enrolled, it will be used as the verification sample and cannot be changed again. Recognition Mode In this mode, the entry of the individual is verified by matching with the original entry made in the enrolment mode (Schumacher et al. 2013). Since, the retina, fingerprint or voice pattern of an individual is unique, any different entry will mark it as invalid or unauthorized if it does not match with any one pattern in the database. 4: Columnar Transposition Encryption Codeword: PRINTER Message to Encrypt: COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION It has been agreed that the transposition is to reverse the order of the letters of the codeword and then swap pairs of letters, starting at the right-hand end. Hence, the new keyword will be RTEINPR Hence, the permutation order will be 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 Now, the message to be encrypted is arranged as follows. 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 C O M M U N I C A T I O N A N D I N F O R M A T I O N Q Here, Q is used as a NULL function to fill the column. Hence, the encrypted message will be: MTIT MINI UOFO NNON IARQ CCNM OADA References Bjorkman, B. and Talbert, R., 2015. Fixed Points of Columnar Transpositions.Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography,18(5), pp.541-557. 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